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Fire early warning systems are a system that detects a fire in its early stages to limit damage, preserve lives and property, and alert people to control the fire and mitigate the severity of the damage resulting from it.
It is a simple alarm system that is usually used in places with small areas and a low degree of risk. The system consists of the following: –
1- Main control panel.
2- Smoke or heat detector.
3- Manual breaker.
4- Alarm bell.
The above components are connected via heat-resistant wires that are extended inside metal pipes.
The addressable alarm system is considered more accurate in determining the location of the fire, as the building is divided into sectors (Zone) and connected in a loop to determine the location of the detector (sensor) on the main panel to facilitate the process of knowing the location of the fire in large buildings.
The addressable alarm system consists of the same components as the traditional alarm system: a panel, a detector (sensor), a manual breaker, and an alarm bell, but it is more advanced than its predecessor and differs slightly in the method of connection, installation, and programming.
All firefighting systems are based on breaking the fire triangle, which consists of three main elements:
1- Fuel (burning material) such as wood, clothes, paper, etc
2- Heat can be produced by transforming energy from one form to another
3- Oxygen, which is a contributing factor in the speed of the reaction and spread of fire and is found in the open air.
When the three elements are present, ignition is essentially a chemical reaction, and more than one of the elements that make up the fire are combated in one of the following ways:
1- Cooling (reducing temperature)
2- Asphyxiation (deprivation of oxygen)
3- Insulation (blocking the flammable material)
Due to the importance of having a firefighting system in all residential and non-residential buildings, Itqan Arabia Safety Equipment Company has paid great attention to this aspect, especially due to the rapid development in firefighting and firefighting technology. Due to the large number of firefighting systems, they have been classified into two main sections:
The manual extinguishing system is considered effective in the initial stage of the fire. It is one of the low-cost systems and easy for ordinary people to use. Therefore, it must be present in all residential and non-residential buildings and is divided into two types:
It is a cylinder containing compressed chemical compounds that work to break the fire triangle. It has many types that differ according to the type of material used to extinguish the fire, the most famous of which are the Badra extinguisher and the carbon dioxide gas extinguisher.
It is a metal box that is fixed to the wall. Inside it is a hose with one end being a nozzle and the other end being connected to a pump to pressure liquids using pipes that can withstand high pressure. It has several types, the most famous of which works with water and foam.
With the development of technology, many systems have been invented to fight fires using automatic methods without human intervention in operation to reduce the risks to lives and property. In general, this type of firefighting systems is considered expensive compared to other systems and is usually only installed in areas with a high degree of risk (High).
The wet extinguishing system depends on the use of water alone or with some chemical additives. The general form of the system is a network of pipes with sprinklers with an exploding head at a certain temperature, and they are distributed in an geometric manner within the building. The water is pressurized within the pipe network by means of
In this system, clean gases are used to extinguish the fire, such as carbon dioxide and FM200, and they are packed in compressed cylinders and connected to a network of pipes containing nozzles that distribute the compressed gas in an artistic manner so that it covers all the area to be protected. Usually,
